Bradenton Police-Palmetto Police and A Stun Gun Death
Gregory Kielma • November 23, 2024
ECD-Stun Gun- or Taser The Use of Leathal Force Can and Might cause death
Bradenton PD terminates officer involved in tasing death, Palmetto officers remain on duty
By Samantha Gholar, USA TODAY NETWORK - Florida,
Bradenton Police officials provided only partial records that claimed an officer had only been disciplined in a high-profile use of force case when he in fact had reluctantly resigned from the department the Herald-Tribune has learned.
The omission misled the public, and the Herald-Tribune , which first reported the conclusion of the agency's internal affairs probe in late June. In August following the report, however, the officer in question came forward with heavy critiques and claims of misinformation of his former agency. There is no clear indication that the omission was intentional, but new information confirms rumors that the agency had already quietly accepted his resignation but had not made that information available to the public for over two months.
Former officer Julian Jackson, involved in the November 2023 tasing death of a Palmetto man, is accusing Bradenton PD leaders of forcing his resignation after he served a week-long unpaid suspension in late June.
What happened?
Following the close of an internal investigation, Bradenton police administrators concluded that former officer Jackson had violated six departmental procedural general orders, or PGOs, when he stopped to assist neighboring Palmetto Police Department on Nov. 2, 2023.
The incident, which involved a total of five officers— Jackson and four Palmetto police officers — led to the tasing death of a 36-year-old Palmetto man, Breonte Johnson-Davis. Jackson is the only officer from either department to be disciplined in the case.
A Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) investigation found no wrongdoing by any of the officers. However, Bradenton police administrators launched an independent internal probe three months later which eventually led to Jackson’s suspension from duty.
The investigation records show the suspension but did not include any mention of Jackson’s termination. BPD officials also failed to provide clear information when questioned by the Herald-Tribune about the former officer's employment status at the agency following a swirl of rumors about his departure in August.
Jackson contacted the Herald-Tribune in mid-August to confirm his exit from the Bradenton Police Department. A second set of records from BPD obtained on Aug. 25 reveals that the officer submitted a resignation letter to department administrators a day after his return from the 40-hour suspension on June 26.
He claims the resignation was forced and said he was confused and shocked by the agency's decision to end his employment.
Discrepancy in disciplinary action between agencies raises questions
Jackson, 26, joined the Bradenton Police Department in Oct. 2022 and was on the patrol force for just over a year the night he stopped while off-duty to assist the Palmetto PD in the tasing death incident in Nov. 2023.
His procedural general order violations that night, including failure to activate a body-worn camera and failure to file a use of force report among others, were first-time offenses at the agency Jackson contends.
Initially, he said he didn’t think his actions were wrong. He told the Herald -Tribune that following Johnson-Davis' death in custody, and throughout the internal probe, agency administration led him to believe that he could return to duty after his unpaid leave.
“I was shocked and upset and disappointed,” Jackson said. “The week leading up to my return I had conversations with my Lieutenant. I told him that the policies are subjective, because if you're going to hit me up for that, then you need to do an audit of everybody. Not just one person, you need to audit everybody,” he said.
Bradenton officials confirmed Jackson’s was no longer employed there following a late August public records request but remain tight-lipped about the accusations and claims from the former BPD officer.
Department leadership, including the police chief, refused to comment on the disciplinary action.
“I get that I broke policies, but I never broke those policies again. I learned from my mistake,” Jackson said. It’s very unfair to get dropped off at work thinking I’m going to get my things back— my car, my badge, my equipment and being told ‘Hey, we’re going in a different direction. So, you can either resign or you can stay and we’re going to let you go.’
The victim’s mother, Tracy Washington, continues to question the transparency of both agencies and their leaders. She said the Bradenton PD probe reopened the emotional wounds she has been working to heal over the past 11 months following her son’s death.
“I still have mixed feelings about all of this. He (Jackson) was the only person who was let go and no one else has been held accountable, so that brings up questions for me. I want to know why he was the only officer relieved of his duty,” Washington asked.
“Some of the violations in Julian Jackson’s report seem small compared to what I see looking at the body cam footage. Some of those officers did similar things, some of those officers killed my son. And they are still on the street, with no training.”
Bradenton’s Chief Bevan has not contacted her regarding the probe or Jackson’s subsequent exit Washington told the Herald -Tribune.
“I was hearing rumors and I wanted to know his employment status. I think that’s my right and that I deserve communication, being that I'm Breonte’s mother, she told me that she would but Chief (Bevan) never got back to me,” Washington explained.
“If you hid that from me, what else are you hiding? I'm never going to stop until I get justice for Breonte. I will fight until the last breath of my body until I get to the bottom of it. And I will get to the bottom of it.”
'Scapegoat’ claim unlikely criminal justice expert says
The firing of Jackson and lack of disciplinary action for any Palmetto officers, two of whom deployed tasers on Johnson-Davis which led to cardiac arrest and his subsequent death, seems puzzling to some outsiders.
However, Dennis Kenney, a professor of criminal justice at John Jay College of Criminal Justice and former Florida police officer, says that each agency has its own disciplinary and administrative scales when determining personnel matters.
“ It doesn't seem to be any dispute that he (Jackson) violated policies,” Kenney said about the Bradenton internal affairs probe. “Obviously, the department felt that the violations were significant. But I can see why he would be disturbed that he's the only one who got disciplinary action taken against him. But his scapegoat claims would imply that, I guess, the Bradenton Police Department is trying to cover for the Palmetto Police Department. That seems unlikely,” Kenney said.
Bradenton's chief is no stranger to controversy.
Bevan has come under fire multiple times during her post of chief—most notably in the summer of 2022 when Bevan was accused of allegedly conducting a search of a suspect's house without a warrant . She was cleared of wrongdoing in the incident in September 2022.
Bevan has also faced criticism from the department's union members. Around half of the department's union members surveyed two years ago also revealed felt that Bevan played favorites among agency employees. At least four Bradenton Police officers have filed complaints against the agency's chief since 2022.
Though the transparency and accountability of the agency are being called into question, Kenney explained that the critiques might be aimed at the wrong police department.
“It is a little hard to be critical of a police department for enforcing its rules,” he said. “But my question would be why the lack of actions from the Palmetto Police Department, not the Bradenton Police Department.”
The Herald-Tribune tried to speak with Palmetto Police Chief Scott Tyler about the disciplinary discrepancy between the neighboring agencies, but Tyler declined to comment.
Samantha Gholar covers social justice news for USA Today Network-Florida . Connect with her by email at sgholar@gannett.com.
How do you defend against a gun to the face and not ARMED? From David S an avid reader of this blog: In October 2016, I did it with humor. I was walking home one evening and felt something against the back of my neck. Thinking it was one of my friends giving me a hard time, I turned around to see who it was. The next thing I knew, this punk kid, had a gun of my face. I looked at him and said, “you’ve got to be kidding.” He was a bit taken aback by that comment. Then he said, “Give me your wallet.” So, I took my wallet out of my pocket and opened it up to show that it was empty. He took it anyway and booked off down the street. When he was about half a block away, I called the police, but he was already around the corner and out of sight, probably already home, in the little time it took the police to get there. Over the course of the next two days someone found some papers on someone else’s lawn and contacted me. Then the next day, someone said he found my wallet, including ID, when he was cleaning out his rain gutter. He turned it into the police, and they called me to tell me that it was at the station and then I could come in to get it at any time. At the end of the day, I didn’t lose anything, got my ID updated, and got my bank debit card replaced. They never caught the punk, but the hold up in that part of town was an anomaly. No one at the police department could remember the last time anything sinister happened in that part of town. After the incident, I walked along that block hundreds of times over the next two years without incident before I moved out of state.
Why do gun supporters and supporters believe they can protect themselves better than the police can?
Why do gun supporters believe they can protect themselves better than the police can? Shouldn't they leave protection from attackers and intruders to the professionals? Gregg Kielma Absolutely not, and here's why: My Thoughts, LET'S TAKE A LOOK 1: Police response time is 15 minutes on average. If you are in immediate danger of death or great bodily harm, and you think you can convince the threat to wait 15 minutes, you go right ahead. 15 minutes is enough time to kill an entire family, take anything of value and be long gone before police arrive. I am not betting on my life, my wife, friends and general public lives on that wait time. 2: Law enforcement is not required to protect civilians (DeShaney V. Winnebago, Town of Castle Rock V. Gonzales) The Supreme Court has repeatedly affirmed that law enforcement has no duty to protect you. They are there to enforce laws, meaning they are only required to respond to crimes that have already been committed. So, say you manage to convince the threat to wait 15 minutes and you have a chat over a beer with him in your front yard while you wait. The cops show up. He then proceeds to pick his weapon back up and kill you. Right up until the crime was committed, the police had absolutely no duty to do anything about it. 3: Police response to active threats can be more dangerous than the threat. Those red lines are lines of fire from law enforcement as a response to a hostage situation involving a UPS driver and his two kidnappers. It's amazing that only one person other than the kidnappers and the hostage were hurt, because many innocent bystanders and their vehicles were directly in every line of fire, some even being used as cover by the responding officers. This is unacceptable of anybody who handles a firearm recreationally, much less an entire squad of people who are supposed to be, and expected to be, more responsible than some random civilian. Unfortunately, in most circumstances, adding more people to a dangerous situation only makes it more dangerous for more people. I'll protect myself and my own family and answer questions later. I trust me to respond quickly and justifiably, reliably.
Gaston Glock: Engineer/Owner of Glock... God's Speed Sir Choosing Your Glock: Performance, Size, and Use Explained Gregg Kielma FFL, Firearms Instructor and Gunsmith: for the record, Glock is KING in my world. The best engineered, most reliable, firearm I’ve ever owned. German engineering at its finest. My current carry firearms for the past 35 years is my Glock19 Gen3. 40K rounds run through this firearm and never a jam, ever. The best weapon I’ve ever owned. Nothing better than a Glock, period. Let’s Take a LOOK Glock pistols have been a staple among firearms enthusiasts since their release in the early 1980s. At first, they were greeted with suspicion owing to their polymer construction, but they soon established themselves as reliable, long-lasting, and minimalist handguns. Now with a variety of models and calibers to choose from, Glock has established itself as the leader in the handgun industry, serving everything from law enforcement and military units to civilian shooters. Understanding the various Glock models and their specific uses can be challenging, given the company’s expansive lineup. This article delves into the Glock universe, providing a comprehensive guide to selecting the ideal Glock pistol for various needs, including concealed carry, home defense, professional duty, and competition shooting. Firstly, Glock’s numerical model series is strictly sequential and has nothing to do with the caliber of the gun or its purpose. It merely indicates the order that the models were released into the marketplace. For instance, the Glock 47 (G47) is merely the 47th model produced. When it comes to calibers, Glock has a selection appropriate for many uses, from the common 9mm employed by NATO forces and the U.S. military to the heavy-hitting 10mm Auto, which is best for hunting and repelling big predators. The most common caliber is still the 9mm, owing to its dependability, lower cost, and extensive availability of ammunition. Glock’s 9mm family consists of full-size G17 and G47, compact G19, subcompact G26, and the single-stack G43 and G43X, optimized for various carry and operation needs. Significantly, the Glock 19 has long been a concealed carry favorite, striking a balance of size, capacity, and shoot ability. That said, the new Glock 47 MOS, with its modular design, has presented itself as a full-size model that is capable of utilizing a myriad of slide configurations, including the Glock 19’s. For those who want optics-ready models, the G45 MOS is a “crossover” pistol with a compact slide and full-size frame that works well in self-defense where a reflex sight might give a tactical advantage. For .45 ACP users, the Glock 30 SF offers a short frame with a lot of power. In the subcompact category, the G43X presents an ideal combination of concealment and capacity, suitable for every day carry. For competitive shooting, the extended-barreled G34 MOS presents a longer sight radius and adjustable compatibility for red dot sights, allowing for accuracy and quicker target acquisition. The Glock family also serves those who like to train or plink with rimfires using the G44, a .22LR that replicates the size of the G19 but with less recoil and cheaper ammunition.
Killer of 17 A Minor: Just a Young Punk Killer in Disguise What specific compromises do gun owners believe would be fair when it comes to regulating AR-15s? Good question. Gregg Kielma a FFL, Firearms Instructor, ERT Captain, Gunsmith, nothing can supersede the Second Amendment. However, regarding minors. Let’s Take a Look. Minors need to be stopped. Prosecute minors and minor infractions, even those taking place during the school day, to create a paper trail. The young man being detained by police above had just massacred 17 people in a school shooting with an AR-15 , which he purchased legally. He was able to purchase this rifle because, despite years disruption, vandalism, assault and cruelty to animals, he had a clean criminal record. Long before he committed the massacre that would take 17 lives, the individual above was destroying property. Sometimes it was school property. Other times it was property belonging to classmates and teachers. He engaged in almost daily disruption of school activity. He bullied other students. By “bully” I don’t mean he said mean things. He stalked an ex-girlfriend and her new boyfriend and assaulted an African-American schoolmate in an unprovoked attack. He showed people videos of himself torturing animals. He sold weapons (knives) on campus. Because the school superintendent and local sheriff were advocates of “restorative justice” authorities bent over backwards to keep him out of the so-called “school to prison pipeline”. Had he been prosecuted for assault, his criminal record would have prevented him from legally buying any firearm, including an AR-15. There is a simple solution to protect the innocent while also protecting the 2nd Amendment rights of law abiding Americans. Prosecute the following as juvenile misdemeanors. • Vandalism • Assault • Drug possession • Being under the influence • Disruption of school • Defiance of lawful directions by educational staff Prosecute all of these as misdemeanors, generating a paper trail that indicates that someone may not be safe to sell a firearm to. I’m not saying throw all these kids in jail. But if someone is caught tagging their school, put them in front of a judge, and have the judge sentence them to community service. The important thing is to generate an official criminal record that would keep them from purchasing a firearm. Allow that record to follow them into adulthood. If they reach 25 without serious issue, seal the record and restore full 2nd Amendment rights.
How does firearms defense work when you are walking down the street and someone passes you to your side and suddenly pulls out a knife and tries to stab you? How quickly must you reach for your gun before the knife penetrates a vital organ? Gregg Kielma, as an Instructor and ERT says, I teach this all the time. If you’re under a knife attack while walking you’ve forgot situation awareness. Always remember situational awareness. Stay in condition yellow when in public and armed. Move your head around, say aware, watch the environment, avoid putting yourself in a poor situation. Remember to avoid, escape or defend. Keep your distance, because distance buys us time. I, we, you, always want distance and time on our side. Let’s look at the Lt Truller drill. Let’s Take A LOOK Tactical K Training and Firearms Most people misunderstand the drill to mean “a knife beats a gun at close range.” Really, what it means is “a prepared attacker beats an unprepared defender.” It also shows that just having a gun isn’t enough to defend yourself. If someone is already in the process of stabbing you, you will not draw and fire your gun in time to stop them. Your first line of defense is not your weapon, it’s situational awareness. You need to watch your environment. You need to be aware of someone’s body language indicating that they are about to do something violent. When an attack comes, you need to be mobile. In the Tueller Drill, most people stand in place and focus on how quickly they can draw their gun. What you need to do during an attack is not be a static target. Start moving. Create some space between you and the assailant so that you can defend yourself. Plus, knives are not very efficient weapons. If you are moving and defending yourself, it’s harder to get you in an immediately fatal location like the heart. You probably won’t escape a scenario like that unwounded, but you can escape alive.
.22- Penny- .223 for Comparison Question Mr. Kielma: What is a bigger caliber, a .22lr or a .223? Aren't they the same diameter? I was told they dropped the 3 off of 223 because 22 sounds cooler. Is this wrong? Gregg Kielma Tactical K Training and Firearms I occasionally get asked this question. This is my thoughts says Instructor, FFL and Gunsmith Gregg Kielma. LET”S TAKE A LOOK. Gregg what caliber is larger? A .22lr or a .223? Aren't they the same diameter? I was told they dropped the 3 off of 223 because 22 sounds cooler. Is this wrong? Gregg Kielma explains, caliber is simply a measurement of the diameter of a bullet in inches, but has nothing to do with the cartridge, bullet weight, bullet style, the load, muzzle velocity or muzzle energy. All of these are the way one assesses any cartridge/load/bullet combination. Of all of these, the bullets diameter is probably the least important. .22 Long Rifle (.22LR), is the most popular rimfire cartridge, today, and is best suited to target shooting or small game hunting. The actual bullet diameter is .223 to .224 depending on the manufacturer and intended use. .223 Reminton, as well as 5.56 NATO (5.56x45) use an actual bullet diameter of .224 inch and are both popular civilian, and military cartridges. They are very similar but not the same. 5.56x45 NATO is designed for higher chamber pressures than .223 Remington. Both are popular varmint hunting cartridges and are also suitable for whitetail deer sized targets. Historically, the nominal bullet caliber (diameter) is the bore diameter of the intended rifle barrel, prior to cutting the rifling. So yes, a .223 Remington and .22 Long Rifle are generally the same caliber but that is where the comparison ends! The myth uncovered. As for dropping off the 3 on the .223, I don’t believe this will ever happen. Any thoughts friends? Gregg Kielma
Glock Confirms V Series, Discontinues Gen 4 & Gen 5 Pistols Austrian gun company Glock revealed company plans to discontinue a large portion of its pistols starting in November. Glock issued a statement on October 21, 2025, regarding the leak of the company’s plans. “Yesterday, a retailer NOT affiliated with GLOCK Inc. made premature statements concerning the availability of certain GLOCK pistols. The individuals making these representations are not authorized to speak for GLOCK. As part of GLOCK’s commitment to future innovations, we are making necessary updates to our product line to align with upcoming offerings. Our dedication continues to be with maintaining the highest level of quality, reliability, and accessibility that you expect from GLOCK. The GLOCK V Series is here to establish a baseline of products while simplifying our processes.” According to the company, V models will be available December 2025 and will include the following models: • G17 V • G19 V • G19X V • G45 V • G26 V • G20 V MOS • G23 V • G23 V MOS • G21 V MOS • G44 V Glock also said that distributor exclusive models will be available, including: • G19C V • G45C V • G17C V • G19X V MOS TB Glock Store posted about Glock’s plans on social media, saying they’d received word that all Glocks will soon be discontinued except for the Glock 43, 43X, and 48X. Glock G19 According to Glock Store, the discontinued models will be usurped by all new Glock models known as “V Models.” The newer pistols will not come in MOS formats upon launch but will include features that prevent Glock pistols from being used along with switch conversion kits that make them full auto. Glock 17 converted to full-auto Tactical K Training and Firearms reached out to Glock for comment but received no word by the time of publishing. We confirmed with multiple sources close to the company, though, that they too have been informed that starting November 30, 2025, Glock will stop shipping the discontinued models. That said, Glock’s own webpage lists popular models like the Glock 17, Glock 17 MOS, Glock 19 Gen 4, and more as discontinued. According to the page, the decision to cut models out of the lineup was a strategic one. “In order to focus on the products that will drive future innovation and growth, we are making a strategic decision to reduce our current commercial portfolio,” the company said. “This streamlined approach allows us to concentrate on continuing to deliver the highest-quality and most relevant solutions for the market.” Though Glock says the move is to provide a more focused lineup for consumers, California just announced last week that it was banning the sale of pistols that could be converted to “machineguns” — effectively putting an end to sales on most Glock pistols and Glock clones in the state. Though Glock appears to be discontinuing some pistols, it does say support will remain for owners of discontinued models.
St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter St. Paul Mayor, Councilors Considering Ban On Many Common Semi-Auto Firearms Mark Chesnut - St. Paul’s Proposed Assault Weapon Ban Draws Fire Over State Law Violation The decision by St. Paul, Minnesota, city councilors to push forward with a plan to ban so-called “assault weapons” and “high-capacity” magazines is drawing fire from a state gun owners’ group. At their October 22 meeting, councilors introduced a proposal that would ban many common semi-automatic rifles and high-capacity magazines that hold more than 10 rounds within the city limits. “We have to do something,” said St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter, who is backing the proposal. “What we’re saying isn’t that you can’t make, sell, or own an assault rifle. What we’re saying is don’t carry it down Grand Avenue.” Mayor Carter did not elaborate on whether carrying an “assault weapon” down Grand Avenue was currently a big problem in the city. The main downfall of the proposal, which is likely to pass given the council’s support, is that it violates the state’s firearms preemption law, which was enacted for just such a purpose. That law states: “The legislature preempts all authority of a home rule charter or statutory city, including a city of the first class, county, town, municipal corporation, or other governmental subdivision, or any of their instrumentalities, to regulate firearms, ammunition, or their respective components to the complete exclusion of any order, ordinance or regulation by them except that: (a) a governmental subdivision may regulate the discharge of firearms; and (b) a governmental subdivision may adopt regulations identical to state law. Local regulation inconsistent with this section is void.” That’s just one of the sticking points with the Minnesota Gun Owners Caucus (MGOC), which trashed the proposal in a recent action alert.
17 Anti-Gun AGs Side With Hawaii On Purchase Permits, Inspection Requirement Mark Chesnut - A coalition of anti-gun attorneys general from 17 states has filed an amicus brief with the San Francisco-based 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in support of two restrictive Hawaii laws being challenged as unconstitutional under the Second Amendment. The lawsuit revolves around two provisions of Hawaii’s permitting regime— a 30-day time limit to purchase a firearm after receiving a permit and a requirement that police inspect legally purchased firearms within five days. The brief argues that not only do the laws directly violate the Second Amendment, but they also lack historical support and impose undue burdens on law-abiding citizens exercising their constitutional rights. In March, a three-judge panel of the 9th Circuit Court struck down the two provisions, but the state government appealed to the full 9th Circuit. However, the brief from the 17 anti-gun AGs urges the 9th Circuit’s en banc panel to reverse the decision striking down the provisions. The brief claims that states’ interests in implementing “appropriate, reasonable regulations tailored to their specific circumstances” is more important than the protections afforded by the Second Amendment. Heading up the AGs’ efforts is California Attorney General Rob Bonta, one of the most anti-gun attorney generals in the country. In Other NEWS Anti-Gun Lies March 23, 2025 The Violence Policy Center (VPC) has set its sights on banning .50... “No one should be made to live in fear: States have both the responsibility and the authority to protect their communities from the threat of gun violence,” Bonta said in a news release announcing the filing. “Commonsense gun restrictions help stop dangerous weapons from reaching the hands of those who shouldn’t possess them, while upholding law-abiding gun owners’ Second Amendment rights. We will continue to stand up for States’ legal authority to enact laws to maintain public safety, including constitutional gun regulations that respond to local needs and concerns.” Joining Bonta in filing the brief were attorneys general from Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington and the District of Columbia. Gun-rights groups are also heavily invested in the case, with the Second Amendment Foundation (SAF) filing a brief arguing against the constitutionality of the provisions. Alan M. Gottlieb, SAF founder and executive vice president, said the amicus brief is part of his organization’s ongoing mission to defend, secure and restore the Second Amendment rights of Hawaii residents. “These arbitrary restrictions in Hawaii are unique and burdensome, with no parallel in other states,” Gottlieb said. “We urge the Ninth Circuit to either reinstate the three-judge panel’s ruling striking down these laws or rule in favor of the plaintiffs, ensuring that the Second Amendment is treated with the respect it deserves.”
ATF Reports Soaring Seizures of Machine Gun Conversion Devices — But What’s Really Driving the Numbers? Scott Witner Des Moines, IA — According to Des Moines Police Chief Michael McTaggart, local officers are encountering more “machine gun conversion devices” (MCDs). These tiny parts can turn semi-automatic firearms into fully automatic weapons. While that might sound alarming to some, the reality is far more complex than the headlines suggest. The Hype vs. the Reality MCDs, also known as switches or auto sears, are about the size of a quarter and can be 3D-printed or purchased online for next to nothing. The ATF claims law enforcement agencies across the U.S. have seized an increasing number of them, from just 658 in 2019 to 5,816 in 2023, a reported 784% increase. Critics, however, argue that the surge says as much about enforcement priorities and ATF reporting methods as it does about actual criminal trends. A fivefold increase in data collection doesn’t necessarily mean a fivefold increase in use, especially when most seizures come from possession or manufacturing cases, not violent crimes. State and Federal Tug-of-War Adding to the confusion, the ATF recently walked back one of its own enforcement actions. In early 2024, “forced-reset triggers” (FRTs), which the Biden administration had previously ordered seized, were reclassified as lawful for use with semiautomatic rifles under a settlement reached during the Trump administration. The agreement required certain manufacturers to halt development of pistol versions of these devices, while thousands of previously confiscated rifle triggers were ordered returned to their owners. Still, the government won’t allow them to be redistributed in 16 states that chose to block the deal, Iowa not among them.
