Gregory Kielma • June 24, 2025

Switched Off: A Case Study on Minnesota’s Illegal Machine Gun Law

Switched Off: A Case Study on Minnesota’s Illegal Machine Gun Law
 
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There’s been a lot of noise of late about auto sears or so-called “Glock switches” – devices to convert a semiautomatic firearm into an automatic weapon. New Mexico adopted a “weapon conversion device” ban in February, and in March, Alabama enacted a similar law to restrict possession of devices designed or intended to convert a pistol into a machine gun. New Jersey was also considering a bill to criminalize possession and sale of “machine gun conversion devices.”  

Under federal law, the devices are already regulated in the same way as fully functional “machineguns,” and simple possession of a machinegun (including just the device) is, subject to limited exceptions, a federal felony punishable by up to ten years’ imprisonment. Criminals who possess or use an auto sear in the commission of any “crime of violence” or “drug trafficking crime” face enhanced penalties under federal law that include a minimum 30 years’ imprisonment.

The justification for this push to criminalize auto sears under state law tends to be that, regardless of the federal ban, there is a need to empower state and local law enforcement to go after the criminals who illegally possess or use these conversion devices.

In Minnesota, for instance, severe state law sanctions apply to the illegal use and possession of these devices. Minnesota law prohibits the ownership, possession, or operation of a machine gun, “trigger activator,” or “machine gun conversion kit,” where “machine gun conversion kit” includes “any part or combination of parts designed and intended for use in converting a weapon into a machine gun.” A violation is a very serious crime indeed, judging from the potential penalty: incarceration for up to 20 years, payment of a fine of up to $35,000, or both the fine and time.

Last year, Minnesota’s Attorney General Keith Ellison filed a state court lawsuit in Hennepin County against gunmaker Glock, Inc., a company which doesn’t manufacture, import, distribute or market auto sears, or provide information on how to install such aftermarket devices on its pistols. Ellison’s civil suit rests on the dubious claim the company makes and sells semi-automatic handguns “that Glock knows can easily be converted into illegal machine guns” using a so-called “Glock switch.” Yet in his press release on illegal machine guns and crime, Ellison stated that it “is critically important that we continue to hold individuals who commit crimes criminally accountable for their actions … Holding corporations civilly accountable is not a substitute for criminally prosecuting individuals who harm others.”

The strict sanctions in state law and the Attorney General’s unequivocal directive about holding persons criminally accountable make the recent apprehension and release of an individual allegedly in illegal possession of a machinegun conversion device all the more inexplicable.

On June 3, Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) officers executing a traffic stop encountered 18-year-old Amiir Mawlid Ali in a vehicle heading to the Edina High School graduation ceremony being held at the University of Minnesota campus in Minneapolis. According to the news report, Ali was known to be “associated with multiple recent gang-related shootings and was known to carry firearms,” and officers found a Glock handgun under his seat. The gun was “equipped with a loaded 33-round extended magazine and a machinegun conversion device.” Officers were aware that an unrelated shooting during a graduation ceremony at the same university campus happened a few days before.

That shooting, at the May 30 Wayzata High School graduation ceremony, left two people injured, including a man shot in the head. Police used surveillance video to identify the alleged shooter and locate the suspect’s Glock handgun, which was equipped with a machinegun conversion device. The suspect was apprehended and reportedly faces state law charges of first-degree assault, second-degree assault, and possessing/operating a machine gun.

A news report provides the timeline following Ali’s apprehension by the MPD. After being booked into Hennepin County Jail on a weapons charge on June 3, he was set free on June 5, as soon as his 36-hour hold expired. (A search of the Online Hennepin County Jail Roster confirms Ali was held without bail and released on June 5 at 4:40 PM.) The next day, June 6, police responded to a shooting at another high school graduation ceremony, at or near Burnsville High School, MN, in which multiple shots were fired but no one was injured. Ali was “among four people arrested following shots fired at the Burnsville graduation,” although the extent of his involvement is unclear. A news source includes an additional troubling allegation, citing court documents, that “in recorded jail calls following his arrest, Ali said he would need a ‘button’ – slang for a machine gun conversion device – upon his release.”

In hindsight, the foregoing make the decision of the Hennepin County Attorney’s Office to release Ali from custody on June 5, apparently without charges, even more problematic, especially considering the messaging from the state’s top law enforcement officer about the “critical” importance of enforcing illegal machine gun laws. A spokesperson for the County Attorney’s Office explained that “ our office deferred the case against Mr. Ali for additional investigation because the evidence, as submitted, didn’t include necessary forensic testing results to overcome likely defenses. We requested it be resubmitted for charging consideration when the testing was complete.”

The case, unfortunately, isn’t an outlier. One of our previous alerts described a 2022 case involving alleged gang-member brothers Cortez and Quintez, found in possession of firearms that had been illegally modified using auto sears. Prosecuted under state law, both received a probation-only sentence and released. As a newspaper report explains more fully:

The twins were charged in Hennepin County in January 2022 with illegally possessing firearms modified with switches after they were caught with the guns as they left a funeral for another gang member. They pleaded guilty that spring and were sentenced to probation. But four days after Cortez’s sentence — and a week before Quantez was due back in court for his own sentencing — the brothers were pulled over by Maple Grove police. Officers found Cortez with an unmarked Polymer80 pistol, or ghost gun, with a loaded, high-capacity magazine. Quantez Ward had a rifle in a backpack. Months later, law enforcement searched their home and found other firearms, including another ghost gun outfitted with a switch.

Federal law enforcement had no similar inhibitions, and the brothers have since been federally prosecuted and convicted for illegal possession of firearms/ammunition. (One of the brothers released a rap album from jail while awaiting sentencing, which included a track called “On Fully” that “celebrates converting semiautomatic pistols into machine guns.”).
Amiir Mawlid Ali also faces federal prosecution. A June 11 press release by the U.S. Attorney’s Office cites “an investigation conducted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Explosives and Federal Bureau of Investigation Safe Streets Violent Gang Task Force, the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, the Minneapolis Police Department, and the University of Minnesota Police Department” leading to federal charges for unlawful possession of a machinegun being brought against Ali and against 20-year-old Hamza Abdirashiid Said, the suspect in the May 30 Wayzata High School graduation shooting. Both were detained in federal custody pending detention hearings.

Of course, arrests and charges, whether state or federal, are merely an allegation of criminal conduct and not evidence of guilt; all defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law.

While these cases continue to be dealt with by law enforcement and the courts, a few things are already apparent.

There are plenty of existing laws with severe criminal sanctions available to be deployed against those possessing or using illegal machineguns or conversion devices. Not only is a machinegun conversion device illegal to possess under state law and federal law, a University of Minnesota policy on weapons on campus bans visitors and others from possessing or carrying firearms on University property. None of these seemed to have any deterrent effect. Second, even an infinite number of laws on books are worthless unless they are used to prosecute, fully, the persons with illegal machine guns and illegal conversion devices. Finally, instead of seeking to switch the responsibility and liability for crime from the third-party offenders onto the gunmaker Glock, Inc. (already strictly regulated under law), the more legally and practically sound approach is to use existing laws against criminals who violate the law and harm others. 

By Gregory Kielma February 21, 2026
Three Teens Arrested in Armed Robbery of Sarasota Gas Station Post Date:02/21/2026 SARASOTA – Three people have been arrested by Sarasota police and are facing felony charges in connection with an armed robbery that happened Wednesday, Feb. 18. Pursuant to Florida State Statute 985.04 (2)(a)1., information about juveniles charged with felonies is public record. Christopher Woo-Piner, 18, of Sarasota; Roberto Gonzalez-Ramos, 16, of Sarasota; and Samuel Medina-Camacho, 15, of Sarasota, were arrested on Friday, Feb. 20. They are facing felony charges of armed robbery with a firearm. On Feb. 18, at approximately 10:30 p.m., officers responded to the 3500 block of Fruitville Road for a reported armed robbery at a gas station. When officers arrived, the employee working shared that three people entered the store, robbed him at gunpoint and left the store. Surveillance video shows three people entering the store. One person is seen walking around the front counter and pointing a handgun with an extended magazine towards the victim. The suspect is then seen pointing the gun at the victim as he removed cash from the register. At the same time, the two other people are seen taking merchandise from store shelves. All three people ran from the store. A significant amount of cash and merchandise was stolen. “Crime is not tolerated in our city,” said Chief Rex Troche. “Our officers and detectives began investigating immediately upon dispatch. In less than 48 hours, three people were identified and arrested. If you commit a crime in the City of Sarasota, we will find you and you will be arrested,” said Chief Troche. This case remains an active investigation. Anyone with information is asked to call the Sarasota Police Department Criminal Investigations Division at 941-263-6070 or remain anonymous and call Crime Stoppers of Sarasota County at 941-366-TIPS (8477).
By Gregory Kielma February 17, 2026
What a Good Concealed Carry Gun Should Look and Feel Like: My Perspective By Gregg Kielma-Tactical K Training and Firearms 2/17/2026 Choosing a concealed carry firearm isn’t about trends, brand loyalty, or what someone on the internet says is “the best.” It’s about selecting a tool that fits your body, your training level, and your defensive needs. After years of teaching responsible gun owners, I’ve learned that the right concealed carry gun shares a few unmistakable qualities—both in how it looks and how it feels in the hand. It Should Look Purpose Built, Not Flashy A good, concealed carry gun isn’t a showpiece. It’s a defensive tool. From my perspective, the ideal CCW firearm has: • Clean, snag free lines that won’t catch on clothing during the draw. • A modest profile—not oversized, not underpowered, just balanced for daily carry. • Durable, no nonsense finishes that hold up to sweat, humidity, and constant holster contact. • Simple, intuitive controls that don’t require fine motor skills under stress. A carry gun should visually communicate reliability. Nothing about it should look fragile, overly complicated, or designed for anything other than personal protection. It Should Feel Like an Extension of Your Hand The “feel” of a concealed carry gun is where most people make or break their choice. A proper CCW firearm should: • Seat naturally in your grip without forcing your wrist into awkward angles. • Offer enough grip texture to stay secure under stress, but not so aggressive that it tears up clothing or skin. • Balance well—not nose heavy, not top heavy, just stable and predictable. • Provide a trigger you can manage consistently, with a clean break and a reset you can feel. If the gun feels like you’re fighting it, it’s the wrong gun. A carry firearm should disappear into your hand and allow you to focus on the fundamentals, not the ergonomics. It Should Shoot Better Than Its Size Suggests Small guns are harder to shoot well. That’s reality. A good, concealed carry gun overcomes that by offering: • Manageable recoil that doesn’t punish the shooter. • Sights you can actually see, not tiny nubs that disappear in low light. • Predictable accuracy—not match grade, but consistent and confidence building. • A controllable frame that allows fast follow up shots without wrestling the gun. If a student can’t keep rounds on target under stress, the gun isn’t helping them—it’s hindering them. It Must Fit the Mission A concealed carry gun should match the owner’s lifestyle and training commitment. That means: • It conceals well in your actual clothing, not just in theory. • It works with a quality holster, not a bargain-bin afterthought. • It’s a gun you’re willing to train with regularly, not one that hurts to shoot or feels intimidating. • It’s reliable with defensive ammunition, not just range ammo. A firearm that doesn’t fit your daily life won’t get carried. And a gun that isn’t carried can’t protect you. Kielma’s Parting Shot: A good concealed carry gun doesn’t need to impress anyone. It needs to be safe, reliable, and suited to the person who carries it. When a firearm looks clean, feels natural, and performs consistently, it becomes a trustworthy defensive tool—not a burden. That’s the standard I teach, and it’s the standard every responsible gun owner deserves to follow. Gregg Kielma
By Gregory Kielma February 17, 2026
Bloody 'trans' rampage at boys' hockey game brought to an end by 'Good Samaritan' Joseph MacKinnon February 17, 2026 This is why Rhode Island firearms laws are bad. Could a well-armed citizen might have been stopped the rampage sooner? The dead shooter, who police indicate went by a female name, appears to have rationalized 'trans' rampages. A week after a trans-identifying man went on a rampage in Western Canada, killing six children and two adults, another man who masqueraded as a woman allegedly took aim at innocents — this time at a local skating rink in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Families, students, and supporters flocked to the Dennis M. Lynch Arena on Monday afternoon to watch a boys' high school hockey game between the Blackstone Valley School and Coventry-Johnson co-op teams. Pawtucket Mayor Donald Grebien noted that "what should have been a joyful occasion" was "instead marked by violence and fear." A man dressed as a woman and believed to have been in the possession of multiple weapons fatally shot two people and left another three victims in critical condition. At least two of the victims are reportedly children. Sign up for the Blaze newsletter Coventry Public Schools revealed on Monday evening that all of its students present at the incident "have been accounted for and are safe." Providence Country Day School and St. Raphael Academy also indicated their students were safe. Arena footage shows players rushing off the ice and fans taking cover as roughly 13 gunshots ring out. The Providence Journal noted that 11 seconds after the first series of shots, a final shot can be heard. Police responding to a report of an active shooter around 2:30 p.m. were on the scene within a minute and a half; however, the blood-letting had apparently already come to an end. Pawtucket Police Chief Tina Goncalves indicated that "a Good Samaritan stepped in and interjected in this scene, and that's probably what led to a swift end of this tragic event." The "Good Samaritan" who was unarmed, apparently tried to "subdue" the shooter, who police said died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Sen. Jack Reed (D-R.I.) expressed gratitude for the first responders "who rushed to assist, as well as the good Samaritan who confronted and tried to disarm the shooter." Goncalves identified the shooter as Robert Dorgan, 56, and indicated that "he does go by the name of Roberta, also uses the last name of Esposito." The chief noted further that while his motive is presently unclear, "this was a targeted event" and "looked like it was a family dispute." A distraught woman who did not provide her name told WCVB-TV while exiting the PPD station that her father was the shooter. "He shot my family, and he's dead now," said the unidentified woman, adding that the shooter "has mental health issues." Court records reviewed by WPRI-TV reportedly show that Dorgan complained in 2020 to the North Providence Police Department that in the wake of his sex-rejection surgery, his father-in-law was trying to kick him out of the family house where Dorgan had lived for seven years. While the father-in-law was initially charged with intimidation of witnesses and victims of crimes and obstruction of the judicial system, the charges were later dismissed. The same year, Dorgan accused his mother of assaulting him and acting in a "violent, threatening, or tumultuous manner." Although his mother was charged with simple assault and battery and disorderly conduct, the case was similarly dismissed. Around the time of Dorgan's dispute with his father-in-law and mother, Dorgan's then-wife, Rhonda Dorgan, filed for divorce. While she initially cited "gender reassignment surgery, narcissistic + personality disorder traits" as the grounds for the divorce, WPRI indicates his ex-wife replaced those reasons with "irreconcilable differences, which have caused the immediate breakdown of the marriage." An apparently Rhode Island-based user on X who went by "Roberta Dorgano" posted on May 9, 2019, "Transwoman, 6 kids: wife — not thrilled." In a recent post, the user who the New York Post suggested was Robert Dorgan, noted, "I have a beloved RHONDA." In response to a Feb. 14 assertion by actor Kevin Sorbo that trans-identifying Rep. Sarah McBride (D-Del.) "is a man," the X user wrote, "Keep bashing us. but do not wonder why we Go BERSERK." Dorgan appears to be the latest addition to a growing list of recent trans-identifying mass shooters and would-be mass shooters. • A trans-identifying man murdered six kids and two adults in Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia, on Feb. 10. • A trans-identifying man shot up a Catholic church full of children in Minneapolis on Aug. 27, 2025, killing two children and injuring 30. • A male-identifying woman planned to shoot up an elementary school and a high school in Maryland in April 2024 but was stopped in time by police — then later convicted. • A trans-identifying teen stalked the halls of a school in Perry, Iowa, on Jan. 4, 2024, ultimately murdering a child and an adult and wounding several others. • A trans-identifying woman stormed into a Presbyterian school in Nashville on March 27, 2023, murdering three children and three adults.
By Gregory Kielma February 17, 2026
How Long Do You Shoot? Kielma advises, until the threat is over. No more no less. Be the reasonable person. The consequences can be devastating. Police live by different rules, just ask Polk County Florida Sherrif Grady Judge. This response is from an avid reader of my blog. My Question: What would you do? Please comment below! A few years ago a couple of teens tried to rob a drug store in broad daylight. The pharmacist/store owner .. an elderly man…. pulled out his own gun and shot one of the intruders. The other ran off. In the store with him were 2 women. He took after the runner. Thinking about the 2 women and their safety before he went out the door he put another bullet in the one fallen…. killing him. He was not in anyway trained in such situations… he was running on adrenaline and fear. Making sure that the one on the floor was not a threat anymore to him or the 2 women. That elderly pharmacist was sentenced to life in prison. The weird thing is a few months later a guy went on a killing spree. He shot/killed some family members… Shot another guy and stole his truck. Doing all this while video posting on Facebook. The law finally caught up with him. The pickup was put out of service. The guy stepped out of the truck and was shooting at the police while walking towards them. ( This was all recorded from a police helicopter. ) The police shot and killed him. After he fell to the ground 3 lawmen emptied their pistols into him from about 30 feet. With a camera/body cam rolling… the one in front turned and looked into the camera and said… “ We had to make sure he was dead. “ That was law enforcement that did that… Men who are supposed to be trained in handling a situation like that. … “ Just to make sure. “… ( Just like what the pharmacist did. ) They were deemed heroes. From an Anonymous reader.
By Gregory Kielma February 16, 2026
Why Many Virginia Democrats Oppose Firearms and the Second Amendment By Gregg Kielma-Tactical K Training and Firearms 2/16/2026 Virginia has a long, proud history of firearm ownership. It’s a state built on rural traditions, personal responsibility, and a deep respect for individual liberty. Yet in recent years, Virginia Democrats have increasingly pushed for strict gun laws, sweeping bans, and policies that many lawful gun owners see as direct attacks on the Second Amendment. Understanding why this political group takes such a strong stance helps responsible gun owners stay informed, engaged, and prepared to defend their rights through education and civic involvement. 1. A Different Interpretation of the Second Amendment Many Virginia Democrats view the Second Amendment through a narrow, “collective rights” lens. They argue that: • The phrase “well regulated militia” limits firearm ownership to state controlled forces • The Founders did not intend broad private ownership • Modern firearms exceed what the Founders could have imagined This interpretation leads them to believe the government should have wide authority to regulate, restrict, or even ban certain firearms. Responsible gun owners, of course, see the Second Amendment as an individual right — a safeguard against tyranny and a tool for personal protection. 2. Urban Political Influence Virginia’s political power has shifted toward Northern Virginia — dense, urban, and culturally disconnected from the state’s rural traditions. In these areas: • Fewer people grow up around firearms • Gun ownership is uncommon • Gun violence is more visible • Firearms are often associated with crime rather than responsibility This creates a cultural divide. For many urban Democrats, firearms are symbols of danger, not tools of safety. That perception drives their policy positions. 3. A Belief That More Laws Equal More Safety Virginia Democrats often argue that strict gun laws will reduce violence. This belief fuels support for: • “Assault weapon” bans • Magazine capacity limits • Red flag laws • Waiting periods • Expanded background checks • Licensing and registration systems To them, these measures are “common sense.” To responsible gun owners, they are burdensome, ineffective, and aimed at the wrong people. Criminals do not follow laws. Law abiding citizens do. 4. Trust in Government Over Individual Responsibility Many Democrats believe public safety should be handled primarily by government institutions — police, social programs, and community initiatives — rather than by armed citizens. This worldview includes ideas such as: • Ordinary citizens shouldn’t need firearms for protection • More guns in public increase risk • Social programs, not self defense tools, reduce violence For those of us who train responsible gun owners, this mindset ignores a simple truth: When seconds count, help is minutes away. 5. Emotional and Symbolic Politics Firearms have become symbolic in modern politics. For many Democrats, guns are tied to: • Mass shootings • Domestic violence • Suicide • Crime in urban areas Because of this emotional association, firearms become a political target — even when proposed laws don’t address the root causes of violence. This leads to policies driven by emotion rather than data, and rhetoric that paints lawful gun owners as part of the problem instead of part of the solution. 6. A Push Toward Centralized Control Many Virginia Democrats support federal style control over firearms, including: • Statewide registries • Mandatory licensing • Universal permitting • Bans on certain firearms or accessories To gun owners, these measures feel like stepping stones toward confiscation. To Democrats, they represent “standardization.” The tension between these two views fuels much of the current political conflict. Why This Matters for Responsible Gun Owners Understanding the motivations behind Virginia Democrats’ opposition to firearms helps us respond with: • Education • Advocacy • Community engagement • Clear communication • A strong emphasis on safety and responsibility Kielma's Parting Shot My work at Tactical K Training and Firearms — teaching avoidance, de escalation, legal understanding, and safe firearm handling — is exactly what responsible gun culture looks like. When citizens are trained, informed, and safety focused, it becomes much harder for opponents of the Second Amendment to argue that ordinary people shouldn’t have access to firearms. Gregg Kielma
By Gregory Kielma February 16, 2026
3D Printed Guns: What Are They and Are They’re Legal By Gregg Kielma, Owner & Lead Instructor, Tactical K Training and Firearms 02/16/2026 As a Firearms Instructor, Gunsmith and, First Aid Fundamentals Instructor, I’ve watched technology reshape our industry in ways most people never imagined. One of the biggest shifts has been the rise of 3D printed firearms. They generate curiosity, concern, and plenty of misinformation. My goal here is simple: give responsible gun owners a clear, factual understanding of what 3D printed guns are — and what the law actually says about them. What Exactly Is a 3D Printed Gun? A 3D printed gun is a firearm — or firearm component — produced using a consumer or industrial 3D printer. These weapons fall under the broader category of Privately Made Firearms (PMFs), meaning they’re built by individuals rather than licensed manufacturers. PMFs can include pistols, rifles, receivers, and even components like frames or conversion devices. Not all PMFs are illegal, and not all require serial numbers, depending on how they’re made and the laws of your state. Federal Law: What’s Allowed and What Isn’t At the federal level, the rules are more nuanced than most people think: ✔ You can legally make your own firearm for personal use There is no federal law banning the creation or possession of a 3D printed gun, as long as you are legally allowed to own a firearm and the weapon complies with federal requirements. ✔ But the firearm must be detectable Under the Undetectable Firearms Act, all firearms — including 3D printed ones — must contain enough metal to be visible to security screening equipment. ✔ And certain components now fall under ATF regulation A 2022 ATF rule treats many unfinished frames, receivers, and parts kits as firearms, meaning they may require serialization and background checks. State Laws: Where Things Get Complicated This is where responsible gun owners need to pay close attention. States vary widely. States where manufacturing 3D printed guns is explicitly illegal: • Delaware • Hawaii • Rhode Island • Washington States where possessing an unserialized 3D printed firearm is illegal: • Connecticut • New York • Oregon States considering or expanding restrictions Recent legislation in states like Colorado and Washington aims to criminalize not just the guns themselves, but also the digital files used to print them — a major shift that affects hobbyists, makers, and gun owners alike. Digital Files: The New Legal Battleground One of the most controversial areas isn’t the gun — it’s the code. Several states have introduced bills targeting the distribution or possession of 3D printable firearm files. Courts have upheld some of these restrictions, such as New Jersey’s limits on who can access printable gun files. This is a rapidly evolving area of law, and it’s one every responsible gun owner should monitor closely. My Perspective As a Firearms Instructor, Gunsmith and, First Aid Fundamentals Instructor At Tactical K Training and Firearms, I emphasize responsibility, legality, and safety above all else. Technology will continue to evolve, and 3D printing isn’t going away. But neither are the legal obligations that come with firearm ownership. Here’s what I tell my students: • Know your state laws — they may differ drastically from federal rules. • Stay updated — legislation around 3D printed guns is changing fast. • When in doubt, ask — ignorance of the law is never a defense. • Focus on safety and traceability — a firearm you can’t legally possess or transport is a liability, not a tool. Kielma’s Parting Shot 3D printed guns can be legal — but only under the right conditions. Federal law allows personal manufacture, but state laws may prohibit it entirely or restrict possession of unserialized firearms. And the legal fight over digital files is intensifying. As responsible gun owners, our job is to stay informed, stay compliant, and stay safe. Gregg Kielma
By Gregory Kielma February 16, 2026
Glock: Why Does That "Cutout" Exists Gregg Kielma-Tactical K Training and Firearms 2/16/2026 The open cutout at the rear of the magazine well on many Glock frames is a deliberate design feature. Its purpose is simple: Let's Take a LOOK That hollow opening is there because (contrary to popular opinion) Gaston Glock really did try to make a pistol that was intended to be held in a human hand. It is a dead-air space meant to add girth and more ergonomic curves to the grip of the pistol to make it more comfortable for a person to hold. A pistol grip serves two purposes: to give the user an interface to hold the pistol, and to serve as the receptacle for the ammunition magazine. But in most designs, the magazine is usually much smaller than the outside dimensions of the grip. And if the grip were designed to accommodate only the magazine alone, it would be a squarish, box-like container that the also box-like magazine would simply slip into. And a bare, boxy magazine is not an especially ergonomic and comfortable thing to hold onto. So Gaston Glock added some extra material to the back of the grip behind the wall of the magazine well to fill up the user's hand a bit and give them something curvier to wrap their palm around. More Reasons: 1. To help strip out a stuck magazine If a magazine becomes jammed — usually from a double‑feed or debris — the shooter can hook a finger into that cutout and manually rip the mag out. This isn’t new; early Gen 1, Gen 2, and some Gen 3 Glocks had it for exactly this reason. 2. To assist with flush‑fit magazines When a magazine sits nearly flush with the grip, there’s less surface to grab. The cutout gives you a purchase point to pull it free if needed. This is the same principle behind modern aftermarket magwells that include side cutouts for stripping mags. 3. It’s not about speed — it’s about reliability under failure Most Glock mags drop free without issue. But Glock designed the frame so that if things go wrong, you still have a mechanical way to clear the gun. As one source put it, the cutout is essentially a built‑in contingency for magazine retention issues.
By Gregory Kielma February 16, 2026
How a Bullet Works: A Straightforward Explanation Gregg Kielma-Tactical K Training and Firearms 2/16/2026 As an instructor, I’ve learned that most people who come to me for training have handled ammunition before, but very few truly understand what’s happening inside that little brass case. And honestly, once you break it down, the process is simple, predictable, and rooted in physics — which is exactly why safety and respect for the firearm matter so much. Let me walk you through how a bullet works, step by step, the way I explain it on the range and in my classes. Kielma says, Let’s Take a LOOK: 1. A Cartridge Is a Self Contained System When people say “bullet,” they often mean the whole round. The bullet is just the projectile. The complete cartridge has four parts: • Case – usually brass, holding everything together • Primer – the ignition source • Powder – the fuel • Bullet – the part that leaves the barrel Each component has a job, and none of them work alone. 2. It All Starts With the Firing Pin When you press the trigger, you’re not “firing the gun” — you’re releasing a mechanical chain of events. The firing pin strikes the primer, crushing it. That impact ignites the primer compound, which burns extremely fast and sends a jet of flame into the powder. This is the moment where everything happens in a controlled explosion. 3. Powder Burns, Pressure Builds, and Physics Take Over The powder doesn’t “explode” — it burns rapidly. That burn creates expanding gas, and because the cartridge is sealed inside the chamber, the pressure has only one direction to go: forward. That pressure pushes the bullet out of the case mouth and into the barrel’s rifling. This is where the engineering of the firearm and the ammunition really shows its value. The pressures involved are enormous, but they’re predictable and contained because the firearm is designed to handle them. 4. Rifling Gives the Bullet Stability As the bullet travels down the barrel, the rifling engraves into the jacket and forces it to spin. That spin is what stabilizes the bullet in flight, just like a well thrown football. Without rifling, accuracy would be unpredictable at best. 5. The Bullet Leaves the Barrel — and Physics Begin and Continue Once the bullet exits the muzzle, the pressure drops instantly. From that point on, the bullet is coasting through the air, guided by: • Its spin • Its shape • Gravity • Air resistance Nothing magical — just physics doing what physics does. 6. The Case Stays Behind The brass case doesn’t go downrange. It either ejects (in a semi auto) or stays in the cylinder (in a revolver). Its job is done once it contains the pressure and seals the chamber. Kielma’s Parting Shot: Why This Matters to Me as an Instructor Understanding how a bullet works isn’t just trivia. It builds confidence. It helps students appreciate why we follow safety rules, why ammunition selection matters, and why maintenance and inspection aren’t optional. When you know what’s happening inside the firearm, you handle it with the respect it deserves — and that’s the foundation of responsible gun ownership. Gregg Kielma
By Gregory Kielma February 15, 2026
Another Poorly Trained Firearm Citizen Gregg Kielma-Tactical K Training and Firearms 2/15/2026 Stuart, Florida — Stray Bullets Incident A stray bullet incident in Stuart occurred on February 14, 2026, when a man’s backyard target practice went off course, sending bullets into a neighbor’s home and striking a horse WPEC. What happened According to the Martin County Sheriff’s Office, 28 year old Felipe Pascual Andres had recently purchased a firearm and was practicing shooting at his property on SE Salerno Road. During the session, three rounds left his yard and traveled into a neighboring home. • One bullet passed through the door and wall of the home, landing on a kitchen windowsill. • Another bullet struck the back porch of the residence. • A third bullet hit a horse on the property in the neck WPEC. Arrest and charges Pascual Andres was booked into the Martin County Jail for shooting into an occupied dwelling. Deputies say he faces additional charges as well WPEC. Safety concerns The incident has raised safety concerns for residents, especially in close proximity neighborhoods. Authorities are urging gun owners to take precautions when practicing, such as using target ranges, barriers, and safety protocols to prevent stray bullets. If you are in Stuart or nearby, it’s important to be aware of the risks of unsecured firearms and to follow local safety guidelines to prevent similar incidents.
By Gregory Kielma February 13, 2026
Why You Should Have a CCW License — From My Perspective Gregg Kielma-Tactical K Training and Firearms 02/13/2026 Please take a class. Learn the laws to keep you safe and legal. Let’s take a LOOK. Carrying a firearm isn’t about looking for trouble. It’s about acknowledging that trouble sometimes finds good people who never asked for it. A CCW license is one of the most responsible steps a law-abiding citizen can take to protect themselves and their family, and I say that as someone who has spent years teaching safety, judgment, and real-world decision making. • It Forces You to Take Responsibility Seriously Anyone can buy a firearm, but carrying one in public demands a higher level of discipline. A CCW license requires you to understand the law, know when you can and cannot use force, and recognize that avoidance is always the first option. That mindset alone separates responsible gun owners from reckless ones. • It Gives You Legal Protection and Clarity Florida’s laws—like every state’s—have specific requirements for carrying, using, and storing a firearm. A CCW license ensures you’re operating within the law, and it gives you legal standing that unlicensed carriers simply don’t have. When seconds count, you don’t want to be guessing what’s legal and what isn’t. • It Allows You to Carry in More Places A CCW license expands where you can legally carry, giving you more flexibility in your daily life. Whether you’re traveling, working late, or simply running errands, you have the ability to protect yourself without worrying about violating carry restrictions. • It Encourages Proper Training The best firearm owners are the ones who train regularly. A CCW license is often the first step that motivates people to seek real instruction—learning how to draw safely, make good decisions under stress, and understand the legal aftermath of a defensive encounter. Training builds confidence, and confidence reduces mistakes. • It Levels the Playing Field Criminals don’t follow laws. They don’t schedule their attacks. They don’t care who you are. A CCW license gives you the ability to defend yourself when there is no time to wait for help. You carry not because you expect danger, but because you refuse to be helpless if it comes. • It Reinforces a Culture of Responsibility Every licensed carrier who trains, follows the law, and carries with humility helps strengthen the public perception of responsible gun ownership. You become part of the solution—someone who values safety, restraint, and preparedness. Kielma’s Parting Shot: It’s About Protecting Life, Not Taking It The goal of carrying a firearm is simple: go home safe. A CCW license isn’t about being a hero. It’s about giving yourself the tools, training, and legal framework to survive the worst day of your life if it ever comes.